What was sodium discovered by

These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp s , principal p , diffuse d , and fundamental f. Atomic number The number of protons in an atom. Electron configuration The arrangements of electrons above the last closed shell noble gas.

Melting point The temperature at which the solid—liquid phase change occurs. Boiling point The temperature at which the liquid—gas phase change occurs. Sublimation The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Relative atomic mass The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. Isotopes Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

CAS number The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems. Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. This is where the artist explains his interpretation of the element and the science behind the picture. Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. Atomic radius, non-bonded Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced.

These values were determined using several different methods. Covalent radius Half of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination.

Electron affinity The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. Electronegativity Pauling scale The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. First ionisation energy The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. It is defined as being the charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic.

Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. The sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge. Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey.

An integrated supply risk index from 1 very low risk to 10 very high risk. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores.

The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators.

A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance.

It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain. A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance.

It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site. Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson.

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Jump to main content. Periodic Table. Glossary Allotropes Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes.

Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Fact box. Group 1 Melting point Glossary Image explanation Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements.

Appearance The description of the element in its natural form. Biological role The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Natural abundance Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. Uses and properties. Image explanation. The two lines in a circle represents sodium, and is one of the element symbols developed by John Dalton in the 19th century. Sodium is a soft metal that tarnishes within seconds of being exposed to the air.

It also reacts vigorously with water. Sodium is used as a heat exchanger in some nuclear reactors, and as a reagent in the chemicals industry. But sodium salts have more uses than the metal itself. The most common compound of sodium is sodium chloride common salt.

It is added to food and used to de-ice roads in winter. It is also used as a feedstock for the chemical industry. Biological role. Number of Stable Isotopes : 1 View all isotope data. Electron Shell Configuration :. Sodium Previous Isotopes Next. Say what? Sodium is pronounced as SO-dee-em. History and Uses : Although sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth and comprises about 2.

They selected six important points for the hexagon, including its discovery in Students designed the hexagon with art work and inserted each point in the hexagon. The emphasis of this activity was on cooperative learning and creativity. Back to the top. Lithium is a chemical element on the Periodic Table with the symbol Li and the atomic number 3. I drew the Swedish flag because lithium was discovered in Sweden. I illustrated Johan August Arfwedson because he discovered this chemical element in The magenta colour at the top of my artwork represents the magenta flame that lithium produces.

I also included images of lithium pills and lithium batteries. Lithium can be found in pills used to prevent illnesses such as depression and manic syndrome. Lithium batteries are frequently used to power electric cars, some computers and medical devices. Department of Chemistry C2 University Ave. Contact Chemistry Work for Chemistry. Institute for Quantum Computing. Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology. Provide website feedback.